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How To Properly Classify A Shipment

Proper freight classification is a critical aspect of the shipping process. It determines how a shipment is labeled, rated, and handled, and can have a significant impact on the cost of shipping. Incorrect classification can result in overpayment for shipping, as well as potential delays and other issues. 

How Do Shippers Classify A Shipment?

To classify a shipment, shippers must determine the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) of the goods being shipped. The NMFC is a standard system that categorizes and defines the various types of commodities shipped by truck. Each commodity is assigned a class based on its characteristics, such as density, value, stowability, and liability.

Proper classification is important because it determines the rate that will be charged for shipping the goods. Higher-classed items generally have a higher shipping rate, while lower-classed items have a lower rate. This means that incorrect classification can result in overpayment for shipping.

How Many Different Freight Classes Are There?

There are 18 different freight classes in the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) system. These classes are based on four primary characteristics of the goods being shipped: density, stowability, liability, and handling. Each class is assigned a number, with class 50 being the lowest and class 500 being the highest.

The NMFC system is used to standardize the classification of goods shipped by truck in the United States. It is published by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) and is used by carriers to determine the rates that will be charged for shipping different types of goods.

A List of the 18 Freight Classes

The 18 freight classes are as follows:

  • 50 - Lowest class, for items with low density, high value, and minimal liability
  • 55 - Similar to class 50, but with a higher density
  • 60 - Higher density than class 50, with a lower value and liability
  • 65 - Similar to class 60, but with a higher density
  • 70 - Higher density and liability than class 60, with a lower value
  • 77.5 - Similar to class 70, but with a higher density
  • 85 - Higher density, value, and liability than class 70
  • 92.5 - Similar to class 85, but with a higher density
  • 100 - Higher density, value, and liability than class 85
  • 110 - Similar to class 100, but with a higher density
  • 125 - Higher density, value, and liability than class 100
  • 150 - Higher density, value, and liability than class 125
  • 175 - Similar to class 150, but with a higher density
  • 200 - Higher density, value, and liability than class 150
  • 250 - Higher density, value, and liability than class 200
  • 300 - Higher density, value, and liability than class 250
  • 400 - Higher density, value, and liability than class 300
  • 500 - Highest class, for items with high density, value, and liability

In addition to determining the shipping rate, proper classification is also important for other aspects of the shipping process. For example, certain classes of goods may require special handling or equipment, such as refrigeration or lift gates. Incorrect classification could result in delays or additional charges if the appropriate equipment is not available.

To ensure proper classification, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the NMFC and the characteristics of the goods being shipped. This can be especially challenging for shippers who are shipping a variety of different types of goods. If your a shipper who wants some tips, your in luck.

Advice On Classifying A Freight Shipment

  1. Understand the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) system. This is the standard system used to classify goods shipped by truck in the United States.

  2. Determine the characteristics of the goods being shipped. The NMFC system classifies goods based on four primary characteristics: density, stowability, liability, and handling.

  3. Measure the dimensions and weight of the goods accurately. Accurate measurement is essential for proper classification.

  4. Determine the value of the goods being shipped. The value of the goods can affect the liability class.

  5. Consider the packaging of the goods. The packaging can affect the stowability class.

  6. Look up the NMFC codes for the goods being shipped. Each type of commodity has a specific NMFC code and class assignment.

  7. Consult with a freight broker or other logistics expert if you are unsure of the classification. They can help ensure that the goods are properly classified.

  8. Double-check the classification before booking a shipment. Incorrect classification can result in overpayment or additional charges.

  9. Keep a record of the NMFC codes and classes for the goods you frequently ship. This can save time and reduce the risk of incorrect classification.

  10. Be aware of any special handling or equipment requirements for the goods being shipped. This can affect the handling class.

  11. Consider the mode of transportation in addition to the NMFC classification. Different modes of transportation, such as air or ocean, may have their own classification systems.

  12. Be aware of any hazardous materials that may be involved in the shipment. These may require additional classification and handling.

  13. Keep in mind that the NMFC classification can change over time. Be sure to check for updates to the system to ensure that your goods are properly classified.

  14. Be aware of any special discounts or surcharges that may apply to the shipment. These can affect the overall cost of shipping.

  15. Work with a reputable carrier that has experience in properly classifying shipments. This can help ensure that your goods are shipped correctly and efficiently

In Conclusion

In summary, proper freight classification is essential for ensuring that shipments are handled and rated correctly. It can save shippers money and avoid potential delays and other issues. It is important to have a thorough understanding of the NMFC and the characteristics of the goods being shipped to ensure proper classification.

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